Disney Analysis - 1383 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Growth in the theme park industry is a challenge in today s market. Theme parks will not grow if they don t diversify their resources. The Walt Disney Corporation is a nation wide multi-varied entertainment company which is a household name to millions of people throughout North America. Michael Eisner who is Disney s chairman and chief executive officer knows that his company will have to diversify in order to meet his targeted growth rate of 20%. Eisner wants to follow one of Walt Disney s famous quotes which is We cannot hit a homerun with the bases loaded every time we go to the plate. We also know the only way we can even get to first base is by constantly going to bat and continuing to swing In order for†¦show more content†¦If they fail to research the European market it could cause major implications in the future. The mere size of current operations has given strength to the organization. The longevity of the organization has created a brand loyalt y that keeps generations coming back. However the company needs to make sure they don t overcharge for the cost of a ticket to get into their theme park. If they price the tickets to high it could cause them to lose revenue. But on the flip side they want to make sure they don t lower the prices to low. Lowering the prices could cause an overload of attendance which could cause natural operating difficulties and ruin the individual experience. Like the European market they need to keep an eye on the U.S. market as a soft economy could cause profits to decline. They need to make sure they price the tickets in the medium range and make sure they focus their business on the customer enjoyment versed needs. III. Strengths and Weaknesses The strength of the company is the loyalty of its brand and its talented management team and workforce. Another strength is the organizational vision which gives employees a view of the future and something to believe in and something that can be realistically achieved. The weakness of the company is that of the expansion into new markets. They need to make sure they stay focused on the creativity and innovation of products and not over focus on expansion. If they overShow MoreRelatedDisney Analysis2267 Words   |  10 PagesCase Analysis of The Walt Disney Company: The Magic of Disney Fall 2003 Sean Housley Haas School of Business University of California, Berkeley MBA Candidate, Spring 2004 housley@mba.berkeley.edu Abstract Disney has led the entertainment industry for much of its storied 80-year history. What exactly is the ‘Magic of Disney’? And how has Disney sustained the magic for so long? This paper analyzes Disney’s historical competitive advantage, drawing emphasis on the remarkable synergies Disney createdRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s Disney 1907 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Paper: Disney Sami Danielson Hour: 3 â€Å"Between 1931 and 1968, Walt Disney won 32 Academy Awards and still holds the record for the most individual Academy Awards won.† (Walt Disney(1901-1966) ,2013 para. 25) Walt Disney has made an incredible amount of fantastic movies, music and characters that we will always remember. But what were the impacts of these to society? How does Disney affect children, adults and the LGBT community all around the world? Over the years, Walt Disney has changedRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Disney 1575 Words   |  7 PagesWalt Disney Thesis: Many of us enjoy Disney movies and theme parks, but not many of us know the story and life of Walt Disney himself. I.Early Life Birth Dec. 5, 1901, Chicago, Illinois Fourth Child Childhood 1. Loved drawing animals 2. Had Siblings 3. Moved Often C. Teenagehood School 2. World War I Red Cross Ambulance Corps II. Career Education Apprentice Cartoon Classes Jobs Paper Boy Film Ad Company Laugh-O-Gram Films, Inc. StudioRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s Disney Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPART A Q.1 Disney theme park is world most recognized place to visit in the world as big brand. Hong Kong Disneyland is globally known in the world and has grown rapidly. This theme park is mostly Chinese market oriented as much Chinese entertainment and media spending in this business to grow their market in Asia. The first Disneyland was opened in July 17, 1955 in Los Angeles and the most recent in 2005 in Hong Kong. The issue rise when Tokyo Disneyland was launched in Japan as they bring downRead MoreExternal Analysis Of Disney Environment Analysis922 Words   |  4 PagesExternal Analysis Globalization is forcing all companies, large and small, to focus on a larger competitive landscape. For many companies hypercompetition arises and they are left with stunted growth while competing with other businesses across the globe. Fortunately, Disney has constructed one of the world’s most recognizable and beloved brands in the entire world. To understand the external environment in which Disney competes, we must first discern which market we wish to analyze. Disney owns aRead MoreDisney Swot Analysis1380 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis One of the best ways to performs the company’s current situation is performing its SWOT analysis, which bring us a better understand of the internal and external environments, and also help us analyze the potential opportunities and risks regarding the products and services that the company offer and provide. SWOT ANALYSIS Weaknesses - Limit target public; - High Costs of operation; - No guarantee of success; Strengths - Strong brand and image; - High Quality products andRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s Disney 1748 Words   |  7 Pages Portfolio Project: Disney Gregory John Pico AMU Disney in other Countries Each country has differences with how their culture plays a factor on how they do business. Rather it is by certain topics being discussed or a certain way people greet one another. When examining the cultural charts of both France and China on http://geert-hofstede.com , a U.S. manager can get an idea on how their behavior may need to be modified when communicating with associates from France or China. For exampleRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Disney s Disney 927 Words   |  4 Pages SWOT Analysis Strengths: Disney is one of the most prestigious and well-known companies in the world. Disney is also known to be the third largest media corporation internationally as of June 2015, according to Nordic Information Centre for Media and Communication Research (Appendix 1). Disney is known to have strengths with content integration, cash surplus, characters and character trademarks, values with the use of synergy, having a very strong brand image and reputation, diversification ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Disney Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Disney is huge animation company and their films are an enormous part of the entertainment industry in the whole world. They influence all kinds of people, from children to adults. Also, Disney was created over 90 years ago, and till this very day its most entertaining animation company. Throughout period of time, they have played a tremendous role in how society displays gender roles. As Janet Wasko explains: â€Å"Disney provides an oppo rtunity to analyse an entire popular cultural phenomenon fromRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Disney s Magical Disney 1414 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Magical Disney† Can there be a world without Walt Disney? The answer is no, because he has transformed the way of the television and theme park industry that consists in our world today. Walt also brought great teachings and inspirations such as the ability to dream. Walt said,† If you can dream it you can do it. Walt Disney is a wonderful and patriotic man who had a wonderful and happy life doing what he loves, making other s dreams come true. First who is Walt Disney and how did

How Art Improves Our Lives - 831 Words

Art is a deliberate recreation of a new and special reality that grows from one’s response to life. It improves our existence by enhancing, changing and perpetuating our cultural composition. â€Å"The great artist knows how to impose their particular illusion on the rest of mankind,† proclaimed Guy de Mauspassant. Art improves our lives by directly and indirectly lift the morale of individuals, creating unity and social solidarity. Art creates awareness of social issues. Art may express and reflect the religious, political, and economical aspects of cultures. Art is and can be what ever a culture says it is or what ever they want it to be. It involves all people, those who conceive the idea of the work, execute it, provide necessary equipment†¦show more content†¦Students must be taught to understand the principles of art as they are understood by the cultural group in which they belong in order to truly achieve global awareness and appreciation for art. Obvio usly, teachers must gain this awareness themselves before they can impart it to their students. Travel, physically or intellectually, is necessary for teachers who truly aspire to instill a devotion to open-mindedness and tolerance in their students. Furthermore, teachers themselves must be open to teaching about culturally diverse art, and learning the history and meaning of behind such pieces. As teachers, we must constantly be open to expanding our base of knowledge and learning new information to share with our students. It is important to note that teaching art requires more than just looking at pictures, listening to music or watching a dance. To teach art in a truly meaningful way, principles of art history, production, criticism and aesthetics must be explored. Students must be taught to value not only the beauty of art, but also the meaning, elements and the history of art. Students do not naturally look at a painting and know the principles contained in it, who created it and for what purpose. Students must learn how to view and critique art in order to understand it. This understanding can come from being immersed in an environment in which art is an essential component to learning. If art is integrated throughout the curriculum,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Other Hand 1418 Words   |  6 PagesHunter Godwin Major Kieser English 101 27 October 2015 Beauty Educates The meaning of beauty and how it applies to the viewer varies among people. Leo Tolstoy reveals that the beauty we perceive through art can change or support a pre-conceived idea. On the other hand, Elaine Scarry’s view resides in the fact that our view of beauty promotes the spirit of justice. Art is not so much the focus, rather beauty is the driving force of these two essays. There is an educational aspect to beautyRead MoreThe Impact Of Implementing Art On Everyday Lives1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of implementing Art in daily lives â€Å"Art is you being free from all of the world’s heaviness†. - Cathy Malchiodi, Ph.D. Many people face problems each and every day of his or her life. Often times in life, many people face overwhelming obstacles in their life that can become out of their control. Art has the ability to make one’s life of everlasting learning, growth, and deliverance. Pioneered in the 1940s, art therapy has been found to express personal concerns, interest, current situationsRead MoreWhat Creates Happiness And Good Health1223 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning we exhaust the ideas of playing sports, creating art, or making things to better the lives of people around us. We all understand art is a part of our daily life, and how we choose to use or create the art affects our personal self. 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Art can help people psychologically whether they have aRead More The Importance of Arts Education Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Arts Education Jane Alexander, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), once said, â€Å"Many children are missing out on something which gives their education context, gives their lives depth and meaning, and prepares them to be the future workforce.† This â€Å"something† that she spoke of is music and art education. Unfortunately, she is entirely correct. We are currently seeing in our country a dramatic cut in arts education curriculum in our public schoolsRead MoreBenefits Of Music And Art Education977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Benefits of Music and Art Education If we live in the land of many opportunities, then why should music and art programs be cut from schools? When people hear the term â€Å"art†, their first initial thought would most likely be drawing or painting. However, it’s a lot more than the visual art forms that can be set on a paper or canvas; According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, the term â€Å"Art† is â€Å"something that is created with imagination and skill and that is beautiful or that expresses importantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Christian College s ( Pcc ) Definition Of Art, And Dr. Francis Schaeffer s Criteria For Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntro Understanding art is often thought of as being an unreachable goal, but art should not be considered arbitrary because it influences the cultures and societies around us. The purpose of this paper is to define and also establish my opinions on Pensacola Christian College’s (PCC) definition of art, the bibliosophy of art, and Dr. Francis Schaeffer’s criteria for art. These topics are useful for artists as well as anyone else critiquing art, and can also serve as guidelines and standards forRead MoreArt Is A Catalyst Of Change1212 Words   |  5 PagesArt is a catalyst of change. It can confront both social and political issues as well as providing people with a creative outlet in which they can express their innermost thoughts and feelings - but what effect can art have on our society as a whole? Artists today have the unique ability to connect with people in a creative, innovative way that they can understand and interpret themselves. With this ability, artists are abl e to express their own views as well as influencing the views of others. ArtRead MoreThe Importance of Arts in School Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is in a core subject or the arts. It gets them ready for life after school when they will be out in the real world having a career. However, the lack of art programs in school is a problem. Art programs have been continuously eliminated throughout the years. Schools focus on standardize testing and trying to improve their students’ scores. Schools enforce the core classes of English, Science, Math, and History, leaving no time for kids to take what little art classes they offer. â€Å"Every childRead MoreArtistic Expression Should Not Be Denied Because1141 Words   |  5 PagesSommer Wadman observes that, â€Å"Research suggests that when people have opportunities to explore and express who they are, they gain confidence that translates into success, both in adolescence and throughout adulthood† (â€Å"Express Yo urself: Power of the Arts† par. 4). According to this evidence, expressing yourself and being able to explore the world can gain confidence. This confidence, then turns into success. It helps young adults and teenagers into becoming an adult. Gaining confidence from any form

Parts of a Holy Mass Essay Example For Students

Parts of a Holy Mass Essay Parts of the Holy Mass k Introduction and Preparation * Liturgy k Communion * Conclusion Introductory and Preparatory Rites The first part Of the Holy Mass is the introduction. The priest greets the people present signifying the presence of Lord among the gathering. The preparation for the mass is carried out With the Act Of Penitence Which varies according to the season of the church like the Advent or ordinary. This part ends with the singing of the Glory to the almighty which also is optional in weekdays and Advent. Liturgy of the Word The Word of the Lord present in the scriptures is read here. There are three readings on Sundays and other feast days taken usually from the Old Testament followed by the letters of the apostles and finally from the Gospel. On week days and ordinary days the number of readings is reduced to two with the second reading from the books of apostles is skipped. There is an optional explanatory sermon which usually said on the Sundays and feast days. The liturgy Of the Word concludes with the Prayers tooth Faithful. Liturgy of the Communion This part of the mass starts with the offering procession where all the offerings are placed before the altar and prayed that the offering is acceptable to God. The Eucharis prayers are said by the priest and the bread and wine is transformed into the Body and Blood of Jesus, imploring the Holy Spirit. The words of Jesus which He told in the Last Supper is recalled since that is where the whole mass is derived from. The prayer that Jesus had taught His disciples is prayed. Then comes the distribution of the Communion by the priest or deacon where all those who are prepared in heart can receive the Holy communion partaking With Which brings salvation. Conclusion Rite A prayer is recited after the communion and the announcements are made by the priest before greeting the gathering and blessing them.

Utilitarian and Hedonic Needs Essay Example

Utilitarian and Hedonic Needs Paper Utilitarian aspect of an attitude toward a behavior relates to usefulness, value, and intelligence of the behavior as perceived by the consumer. Hedonic aspect relates to pleasure experienced or anticipated from the behavior. Utilitarian product The utilitarian product that I choose would be a Honda Accord. This product is utilitarian because it is offered at an affordable price. The car gets great gas mileage and the dealership offers great financing so that you are able to afford it. Hedonic product The hedonic product that I choose is the Mini Cooper. I am choosing this product because I can choose the color that I want and the style of the Mini Cooper. Also I choose this product because of the dimensions and cargo space that it offers. The Honda website shows at least ten different models and the pricing on each one. The Honda website also shows how you can build and price your own Honda so it can have all the features that you want. You have the option of selecting your own color and add on accessories to the car, such as sunroof, 6 disc cd changer and a consumer can also choose if they want to have alloy wheels on the car. We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarian and Hedonic Needs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarian and Hedonic Needs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Utilitarian and Hedonic Needs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It also shows how many people can be seated in the car and how many miles you get to a gallon, which most of the cars on the website range from 25 miles per gallon all the way up to 44 miles per gallon. With gas being at an all time high, that would definitely be a great factor to look at if a consumer was purchasing a car. The website also lets you know which car is the most fuel efficient and it shows cars that they use, which have an alternative to using fuel. As a consumer, you have many features to choose from and options to decide between before making a decision on what car you want. The Mini Cooper has a lot to offer. It is small and efficient to fit any consumer’s needs. They offer Sirius XM Satellite Radio with a 1 year subscription and they also offer HD radio technology. The car offers either a 6-speed Getrag transmission or a 6-speed automatic transmission. They offer the hardtop, the convertible, the coupe and also the John Works models. The Mini Cooper website states that it offers 488 miles per tank, which is a great feature and I don’t think any consumer could turn away from that feature because every American wants to save money and by offering the Mini Cooper with such good gas mileage, it would make the average consumer look at this vehicle twice. It also offer an active safety feature that keeps you from having an accident and it meets the passive safety features, which offers an ultra rigid body, 6 airbags with side protection, crash sensor system and an engine immobilizer. The Mini Cooper also has a suggested retail price starting at $20,200, which is really great for all the features that it offers. Fuel, safety, and performance with this car are all positive features to make a consumer want to purchase the Mini Cooper. Honda. Shop for Honda. (2012). Retrieved on November 27, 2011 from http://automobiles. honda. com/shop/accord-sedan. aspx? Group=accords Mini. Colors, Features and Specs. (2012) Retrieved on November 27, 2011 from http://www. miniusa. com/mini-cooper-top-features. html#/learn/FACTS_FEATURES_SPECS/Top_Features-m

How to Write an Advertisement Critique Essay

How to Write an Advertisement Critique Essay Writing an Advertisement Critique Essay What is an advertisement critique essay? How to start an advertisement analysis: Tips on how to start How to write an outline How to write a thesis for an advertisement critique essay How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish an advertisement critique essay Tips on conclusion writing Advertisement analysis revision: Tips on revision Advertisement critique essay sample Advertising plays an important role in todays world. There are people who depend on advertising for their livelihood while others have built multi-billion dollar companies from advertising. It is estimated that in a year, people spend up to $450 billion and for the U.S. accounts for a third of the above amount. Therefore, advertising is indeed an important sector. What is an advertisement critique essay? The above information is essential for an essay writer to develop their advertisement analysis. However, one should, first of all, understand what an advertising analysis is as well as its main features. An advertising critique essay can be described as a paper whose aim is to deeply examine an ad and provide a comprehensive analysis of the same. Its features are not different to that of other essays because it will have an introduction with a thesis statement, a body with several topic sentences, and finally a conclusion. However, you need to ensure your writing focuses solely on the ad and that you provide your verdict on the ad. How to start an advertisement analysis: Tips on how to start Every accomplished writer will tell you that starting an essay is the most difficult stage. The start will always present you with some challenges. However, as you keep writing, you grow as a writer and your increased experience will help handle and tackle any kind of paper. To start an advertisement analysis, consider the following tips: Choose an ad you understand and like to write on. Ensure you are familiar with the product being advertised. Vaguely describe the ad. Look at the ad keenly and note everything you find interesting or that captures your attention. Develop an argument you wish to express in your paper. Develop an outline. How to write an outline An outline is simply a map or a prototype of your paper. It should encompass your main ideas as well as anything you wish to have in your paper. It should also be structured into an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. This is essential because it helps you define the information that goes into each segment. Make your outline brief but thorough. This will help to make your work easier because you will simply be filling up data or information. Separate your points and make sure each stands on its own. How to write a thesis for an advertisement critique essay As already stated, you cannot write about an ad you do not understand. Therefore, first know what a thesis statement is and what it does before you get to how to write it. A brief explanation is as follows: a thesis statement is a statement carrying your main argument or the point you wish to express to your audience. The basic things you need to understand here include: Make it brief and clear. Ensure it is detailed enough to communicate your main point or argument. How to write an introduction An introduction is the most important part of your paper. It not only draws the attention of your readers but also ensures they are interested enough to read the entire article. You, therefore, need to ensure it is as interesting as possible. You should also make it brief but detailed enough to capture and communicate your main argument. The above simply means you need to include your thesis statement. Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis To better explain what the above section is communicating, consider the following tips: Start with a hook. A hooks aim is to capture the attention of your audience; it is always the first or second sentence. Provide a general summary of the ad. This includes the company, the product, etc. Include your thesis statement in your introduction. How to write body paragraphs Body paragraphs mainly build on your thesis statement. They help to expound your argument further by using other smaller arguments. While writing the body paragraphs, you need to ensure that each paragraph begins with a topic sentence. Topic sentences are then followed by supporting sentences which simply provide support or evidence to your topic sentences. Tips on body writing Use topic sentences to start your paragraphs. Typically the body should be 3-5 paragraphs long unless stated otherwise. Cite any information you include and that is not your original idea. Mention or indicate the ads targeted audience. Mention some of the strategies used in the ad to make it more appealing to the audience. Provide the textual strategies used in the ad. How to finish an advertisement critique essay In the conclusion, you need to recap or provide a summary of your paper including the arguments used in your paper. You also need to have a restatement of your thesis statement. The finishing of a paper is indeed important. You need to make it memorable and in a way that will be difficult for your audience to forget. Tips on conclusion writing For an advertisement critique essay, you need to consider the following tips as you write your conclusion: Recap your article by providing a small summary of your writing. Restate your thesis statement. Provide recommendations on how the ad could be improved. Discuss implications of the ad on the cultural, political, social aspects of the society. Advertisement analysis revision: Tips on revision Revising your articles should be an important and mandatory step as a writer. Revising means re-reading your article and correcting any mistakes you find in your essay. While revising your paper consider the following tips: Use online grammar checkers to help you correct some of the punctuation and grammatical errors. Give a trusted friend or family member your article to read and to offer genuine feedback. Cite any piece of information which is not original. Advertisement critique essay sample Coca-Cola is by far the most profitable soft drinks company. The company is not only adaptive but also keeps reinventing itself which makes it more adorable and gives the customers little chance of ignoring their products. Their new advert dubbed Taste the Feeling is indeed reminiscent of the company’s prowess in ensuring that clients keep buying their products. The ad is not only appealing but also prompts one to go get a Coca-Cola bottle. The Taste the Feeling ad not only and successfully unites all of the company’s products but also helps to showcase why the company is where it is. First of all, the ad is simple and is also fitted with appropriate captions which seek to explain every moment that could be spent with an ice-cold Coke. The audience is obviously the young consumers or the millennials whose lifestyle could accommodate the taste of Coca-Cola. It is also fair to say that the ad does achieve its purpose and goes ahead and uses characters whose lifestyle is reminiscent of the target audience. Secondly, the ad appeals to the emotions of everyone who is watching by including a series of emotionally charged moments. In all these moments, the ad shows a coke being enjoyed thus helping to calm the characters’ nerves down or to simply help them enjoy the moment more. Here, the company was trying to make secure its position as the leader in the soft drinks industry. Additionally, one can say that the company was also trying to endear itself to the customers even more. Thirdly, the message was also clear and one could sense the pleasure of drinking Coca-Cola. The goal was trying to show how the drink makes moments special and more even more nostalgic. By using this mode or direction of advertising, it is possible to get or to grasp the attention of viewers. Everyone will simply be wishing for the specialness of having an ice-cold Coca-Cola bottle whenever they are having or thinking of special moments. In conclusion, it is difficult to get a negative aspect of the ad. It not only captures one attention but also unites the products of the company. The theme which is simple and catchy is also something that is unforgettable and therefore, helps to make it more appealing. It is indeed difficult to beat this particular ad and other companies ought to be aware.

Bracero Program essays

Bracero Program essays It was during World War II that the United States was in need of Mexico and its laborers. Americans were at war and labor was needed in order to supply the soldiers with food and keep the countries agriculture going. It was in 1942 when the United States and Mexico negotiated an agreement that was known as the bracero program. For Mexicans it was a chance to get a better life and an opportunity that could change their lives. For Americans, on the other hand, it was the help they needed to keep the country going after the war. It was the lost of manpower during World War II that stopped the deportation of Mexicans that had been going on during the prior years. The United States had done a complete turnaround. Before they had tried to stop Mexican immigrants from entering their country. Now they had open up the doors. It was a time of need for the United States. The majority of the working class was out fighting in the war or working of war related jobs. The United States had to turn to their neighbors for help. On August 14, 1942, President Manuel Avila Camacho and Frank Delano Roosevelt signed an agreement that was officially known as the bracero program. This program was to allow a controlled number of Mexican immigrants to enter the United States and work. They would be allowed in the United States when workers were needed and when their work was done, they were expected to return to Mexico. The agreement provided Mexican workers for nondiscriminatory conditions. They were to receive the same benefits that any white American had, and were supposed to be paid the same. To employers this meant they would be expending money to provide for the workers, to Mexicans it meant an opportunity for a better life. Many Mexicans sought the American dream and they thought that by going to work in the United States they would gain that life they wanted. Things didnt go as planned for the Mexicans. The protec...

Young Adult Literature Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Young Adult Literature - Research Proposal Example This is because the issues that are presented in this literature are more realistic and more interesting to the teenager audience. The content of these books, together with their popularity amongst the teenagers, has led to them been criticized and challenged by the society. This has led to them been banned from high school libraries as the librarians fear for reprisals from the parents and the authorities. However, banning a piece of work from a school library openly can lead to a lot of pressure and complications as the writers are bound to complain. To avoid the confrontation with the publishers or authors, many high school library media specialists have come up with an ingenious way of making sure that the books are not accessed by the teenagers in the school library. They simply choose not to add controversial items to their library's collection. This action is referred to as self-censorship in the collection development process. This research proposal is a prerequisite for a research to be carried on the practices that make up self-censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature. The researcher will try to find out why school library media specialists reject to add books with edgy content to their collection. 1.1: Problem Statement Problem statement is the section that the researcher sets forth the underlying focus of his undertaking (Tomang, 2009). The problem that will be addressed in this case is the practices that make up self censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature. The research will try to find out why the librarians, especially in high school, engage in self censorship where they restrict the access of the young adult literature by the teenagers in the school library. The researcher will examine whether this action is justified and the effects that it has on the writers and the teenagers themselves. 1.2: Purpose of the Research In his book methodologies of sociological research, Kimberley (2008) opines that every research must have a clearly stated purpose that motivates and guides the researcher throughout the research. The research will have no value to the researcher himself and to the field within which it is conducted if the researcher himself (who carried out the research) is unable to determine the purpose of his undertaking. The purpose of this research will be identifying the practices that make up self censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature. The researcher will be specifically interested in self censorship of high school's library media specialists. 1.2: Research Questions Research questions are the "sign posts that help the researcher to navigate the maze of his research" (Kimberley, 2008). This is because the research revolves around answering these research questions. The success of the research is gauged by how well the researcher answers the questions that were set forth at the beginning of the research process. The quality of the research will also be gauged by the objectivity of the research questions that are addressed. The following is the major research question that the researcher will be answering in this study. What are the practices that make up self-censorship of professional librarianship in young adult literature This research question will act as the major objective of the research. All of the research w

Assingment 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assingment 8 - Assignment Example They should, therefore, be given a second chance. Additionally, just as we cannot treat juveniles as adults when matters such as voting and employment are concerned, there is no reason to treat them as adults when it comes to more delicate issues such as violation of the law. An ostensible fact is that juveniles are immature and no reasoning can justify the aspect of treating them as adults in a court or prison (LawyerShop, 2008). Treating them as adults only ruins a potentially beneficial youth and expose them to unwarranted health risks such as sexual harassment. Proving my answer: The current population strives so much to attain equality. No matter the age, a minor is capable of differentiating good from bad. The juvenile is not insane and hence should be treated like an adult when it comes to criminal cases. Equality is the air that we are breathing. Regardless of who does the offense, justice must prevail and the juvenile offender should not prevaricate punishment. Anybody who commits crime is a criminal; the mere fact that they are juveniles does not diminish the effect of the delinquency on the victim. Criminals are all over our neighborhood living happy and peaceful bliss while their victims and families of the victims are left in unfathomable suffering forever (Flowers, 2002). There is, therefore, no reason to exercise some degree of mercy when convicting juveniles since that will not help in reducing the crime rate. Refuting other possible answers: I strongly believe that with the current advent of technology, people are brighter than you can expect and very smart intellectually. Juveniles engage in crime knowingly a fact that can be supported by the 12 % social recidivism rate among juvenile offenders (Steinberget al., 2015). What’s more, some juveniles simply enjoy engaging in crimes such as rape and murder. Rapists, murderers and other convicts are being released from jail

Kantian Ethics Essay Example for Free

Kantian Ethics Essay

Holy Year of Jubilee :: Religion Religious Christian Church Essays

Holy Year of Jubilee The ultimate derivation of the word jubilee is disputed, but it is most probable that the Hebrew word jobel, to which it is traced, meant "a ram's horn", and that from this instrument, used in proclaiming the celebration, a certain idea of rejoicing was derived. Further, passing through the Greek iobelaios, or iobelos, the word became confused with the Latin jubilo, which means "to shout", and has given us the forms jubilatio and jubilaeum, now adopted in most European languages. For the Israelites, the year of Jubilee was in any case preeminently a time of joy, the year of remission or universal pardon. "Thou shalt sanctify the fiftieth year," we read in Leviticus 25:10, "and shalt proclaim remission to all the inhabitants of thy land: for it is the year of jubilee." Every seventh year, like every seventh day, was always accounted holy and set aside for rest, but the year which followed seven complete cycles was to be kept as a sabbatical year of special solemnity. The Talmudists and others afterwards disputed whether the Jubilee Year was the forty-ninth or the fiftieth year, the difficulty being that in the latter case two sabbatical years must have been observed in succession. Further, there are historical data which seem to show that in the age of the Machabees the Jubilee of the fiftieth year could not have been kept, for 164-163 B.C. and 38-37 B.C. were both certainly sabbatical years, which they could not have been if two sabbatical years had been inte rcalated in the interval. However, the text of Leviticus (25:8-55) leaves no room for ambiguity that the fiftieth year was intended, and the institution evidently bore a close analogy with the feast of Pentecost, which was the closing day after seven weeks of harvest. In any case it is certain that the Jubilee period, as it was generally understood and adopted afterwards in the Christian Church, meant fifty and not forty-nine years; but at the same time the number fifty was not originally arrived at because it represented half a century, but because it was the number that followed seven cycles of seven. It was, then, part of the legislation of the Old Law, whether practically adhered to or not, that each fiftieth year was to be celebrated as a jubilee year, and that at this season every household should recover its absent members, the land return to its former owners, the Hebrew slaves be set free, and debts be remitted.

Multiple Births: Twins, Triplets, and Beyond Essay

Abstract The high number of multiple pregnancies is a concern because women who are expecting more than one baby are at increased risk of certain pregnancy complications, including premature birth. Multiple Births: Twins, Triplets, and Beyond References Martin, J.A., et al. Births: Final Data for 2006. National Vital Statistics Reports, volume 57, number 7, January 7, 2009. Reddy, U.M., et al. Relationship of Maternal Body Mass Index and Height to Twinning. Obstetrics and Gynecology, volume 105, number 3, March 2005, pages 593-597. Wright, V.C., et al. Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance–2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, volume 57 (SS05), June 20, 2008. Practice Committee of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility and Sterility, volume 86, Supplement 5, November 2006, pages S51-52. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Multiple Pregnancy and Birth: Twins, Triplets, and Higher Order Multiples: A Guide for Patients. Birmingham AL, 2004, accessed 12/16/08. Rossi, C., and D’Addario, V. Laser Therapy and Serial Amnioreduction as Treatment for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Metaanalysis and Review of Literature. American Jour nal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, volume 198, number 2, February 2008, pages 147-152. Lopriore, E. et al. Risk Factors for Neurodevelopment Impairment in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Treated With Fetoscopic Laser Surgery. Obstetrics and Gynecology, volume 113, number 2, February 2009, pages 361-366. Senat, M.V., et al. Endoscopic Laser Surgery versus Serial Amnioreduction for Severe Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, volume 351, number 2, July 8, 2004, pages 136-144. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Multiple Gestation: Complicated Twin, Triplet, and Higher-Order Multifetal Pregnancy. ACOG Practice Bulletin, number 56, October 2004. Institute of Medicine. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. May 2009. New York: National Academy of Sciences, accessed 12/8/09. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Having Twins: Patient Education Pamphlet. ACOG, Washington, DC, 2004, accessed 12/9/08. When a woman is carrying one baby, it is called a singleton pregnancy. When She is carrying two or more babies it is called multiple births. In the past 2 decades, the rate of multiple births in the United States jumped dramatically. The rate of twin births increased by 70 percent between 1980 and 2004, and the rate of higher-order multiples (triplets or more) increased four-fold between 1980 and 1998 . However, the rapid rise in multiple birth rates may be ending. In 2005 and 2006, the rate of twin births remained stable . The rate of higher-order multiple births has declined 21 percent since its peak in 1998 . Today, more than 3 percent of babies in this country are born in sets of two, three or more; about 95 percent of these multiple births are twins. The high number of multiple pregnancies is a concern because women who are expecting more than one baby are at increased risk of certain pregnancy complications, including premature birth . Premature babies are at risk of serious health problems during the newborn period, as well as lasting disabilities and death. Some of the complications associated with multiple pregnancy can be minimized or prevented when they are diagnosed early. There are a number of steps a pregnant woman and her health care provider can take to help improve the chances that her babies will be born healthy. About one-third of the increase in multiple pregnancies is due to the fact that more women over age 30 are having babies. Women in this age group are more likely than younger women to conceive multiples. The remainder of the increase is due to the use of fertility treatments, including fertility-stimulating drugs and assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). In IVF, eggs are removed from the mother, fertilized in a laboratory dish and then transferred to the uterus.  About 44 percent of ART pregnancies result in twins, and about 5 percent in triplets or more. Doctors now monitor fertility treatments carefully so that women have fewer, but healthier, babies. This involves limiting the number of embryos transferred during IVF. In 2006, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology issued updated guidelines on the best number of embryos to transfer, depending on a woman’s age and other factors . For example, the guidelines recommend that doctors transfer no more than two embryos for women under age 35, and consider transferring only one embryo for women in this age group who are considered most likely to become pregnant. Doctors monitor women taking certain fertility drugs with ultrasound. If ultrasound shows that a large number of eggs could be released during a treatment cycle, the doctor can stop the treatment and counsel the woman accordingly. The following factors can increase the chances that a woman will conceive multiples: †¢Fertility treatment †¢Age over 30 years †¢A personal or family history of fraternal (non-identical) twins †¢Obesity or taller-than-average height †¢African-American race (African-American women are more likely to have fraternal twins than caucasian women, and Asian women are the least likely to have fraternal twins) Although previous generations often were surprised by a multiple birth, today most parents-to-be learn the news fairly early. A routine first-trimester ultrasound can detect most multiples. (Sometimes a twin pregnancy that is identified very early is later found to have only one fetus. This is called â€Å"vanishing twin syndrome,† and its cause is not well understood. The surviving twin generally is not harmed.) Other factors can alert a health care provider that a woman may be expecting twins or more. These include: †¢Rapid weight gain during the first trimester †¢The uterus being larger than expected †¢Severe pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting (morning sickness) †¢More than one heartbeat heard by a provider using a hand-held ultrasound device (Doppler) †¢More fetal movement than the woman experienced in a previous  singleton pregnancy †¢Abnormal results on maternal blood screening done around 16 weeks of pregnancy to screen for certain birth defects A health care provider who suspects a multiple pregnancy most likely recommends that the woman have an ultrasound to find out for sure. Women who are expecting more than one baby are at increased risk of a number of pregnancy complications. The more babies a woman is carrying at once, the greater her risk. Common complications include: Premature birth: About 60 percent of twins, more than 90 percent of triplets, and virtually all quadruplets and higher-order multiples are born premature . The length of pregnancy decreases with each additional baby. On average, most singleton pregnancies last 39 weeks; for twins, 35 weeks; for triplets, 32 weeks; and for quadruplets, 29 weeks. Low birth weight (LBW): More than half of twins and almost all higher-order multiples are born with low birth weight (less than 5 ½ pounds or 2,500 grams). LBW can result from premature birth and/or poor fetal growth. Both are common in multiple pregnancies. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS): About 10 percent of identical twins who share a placenta develop this complication. TTTS occurs when a connection between the two babies’ blood vessels in the placenta causes one baby to get too much blood flow and the other too little. Until recently, severe cases often resulted in the loss of both babies. Preeclampsia: Women expecting twins are more than twice as likely as women with a singleton pregnancy to develop this complication, characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine and generalized edema. Severe cases can be dangerous for mother and baby. In some cases, the baby must be delivered early to prevent serious complications. Gestational diabetes: Women carrying multiples are at increased risk of this pregnancy-related form of diabetes. This condition can cause the baby to grow especially large, increasing the risk of injuries to mother and baby during vaginal birth. Babies born to women with gestational diabetes also may have breathing and other problems during the newborn period. Early diagnosis and management of these complications can help protect mother and babies. Women who are expecting multiples generally need to visit their health care providers more frequently than women expecting one baby. These extra visits  can help prevent, detect and treat the complications that develop more often in a multiple pregnancy. Health care providers may recommend twice-monthly visits during the second trimester and weekly (or more frequent) visits during the third trimester. During the third trimester, the provider may recommend tests of fetal well-being. These include. Eating right and gaining the recommended amount of weight reduces the risk of having a premature or LBW baby in singleton, as well as multiple, gestations. A healthy weight gain is especially important if a woman is pregnant with multiples because they have a higher risk of premature birth and LBW than singletons. The chance of a cesarean birth is higher in twin than in singleton births. However, a pregnant woman has a good chance of having a normal vaginal delivery if both babies are in a head-down position and there are no other complications. When a woman is carrying three or more babies, a cesarean birth usually is recommended because it is safer for the babies.

Attachment report Essay

Tetu Aberdare Water and Sewerage Company was established in year 2006 under CAP 4&6 of the Company’s act of Kenya to provide services to Tetu District residents through provision of water and sanitation services. The company offers its customers clean and rate water through pipes right form the intakes in the forest to the customer’s individual homes and businesses. The company is regulated by the water act 2002 which stipulates how each institution in the water sector operates. The company obtains raw water from the source and treats the water at the treatment works. The water is then purified and chlorinated before distribution to the customers through the piped infrastructure laid out in the whole service provision Agreement (SPA) area. To operationalize its mandate TEAWASCO has set up a strong organizational structure with a board of directors and management staff. The company has put in place governance instrument including the signing of a code of conduct for the Company of directors and performance contract of management staff, TWSB and DWO. The strengthening of governance instruments will continue with the development of company has improved sewerage services which will support industries and a growing urban population in order to contribute towards achievement of Kenya vision 2030 and National and international goals Vision To be the most efficient and effective water services provider in rural Kenya Mission To ensure provision of affordable, reliable and sustainable water and sanitation services by operation and maintaining water and sanitation facilities. In order to continue provision of clean, safe and sustainable water the company has developed the following Principles. Develop Water sources in areas where water quality in guaranteed and there are possibilities of gravitating it to all areas. a)Exploiting the available water resources potentials giving equal emphasis to surface and ground water. b)Emphasis on development of the available water resources potential for meeting the domestic water need without pegging it on specific projects. c)Concept of development of bulk water supply systems. d)Giving domestic water preferential treatment over other uses at the point of abstraction. e)Providing access to safe and potable water to all by the year 2015. CORE VALUES a)Competence Human resource competence will be enhanced through structured programs of human resource development. Compensation policies will reward superior performance b)Teamwork The board will work to build an organization that recognizes the value of teamwork c)Networking The board will network and collaborate with other stakeholders in achieving its strategic objectives d)Innovationess The search, acquisition and use of knowledge to improve the qualify of life will be encouraged and supported within and among the stakeholders e)Integrity The board will operate in an open, sincere and frank manner in all its undertaking f)Quality Customer Service Customer service excellence will guide all interactions among staff and with stakeholders. DETAILS OF PLACEMENT DEPARTMENT During my attachment period I was attached in procurement department. The department is under commercial department but it is headed by procurement manager called Mr. Mwaniki, under him there is one procurement assistance who is also the storemans. I was treated well by all staff in procurement assistance. Mr. Kagiri trained me how to procure goods and services in public institutions according to PPA 2005. Moreover we could work with him to issue, receive and inspection of goods. In this department I was able to team how to write an LPO, LSO Writing quotations, selling tenders, opening tenders, evaluation and selection of most responsive bidder according to technical and financial evaluation, writing of fuel orders and reconciling of bin cards. I was able to interact with several suppliers and also for ISO satisfaction of the board. In conclusion I was able to procure goods and  services in right time, right price, right quantity, and right quality and from the right source. SECTION 2 ATTACHEMENT EXPERIENCE 2.1 GENERAL ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN It involved the procurement and general purchasing of products for effective service delivery to ensure customer satisfaction. The attachment period spanned from 28th March to 31st May 2013. This include:- Procurement This helped me know the procedures of requisition for the materials that are needed in the stores at a particular time. Inventory Control This assisted me in knowing that materials are in the store, what to be purchase or ordered and what not to be ordered. Record Management This helps in safety of documents; where there is ease to locate in case they are needed for future experience. Suppliers Management This guides the suppliers on what needed, where to deliver and of what quality and quantity. Warehouse Management This helped me know how to arrange the stores, identity the items and park the materials according to their similarities Management Of Stores/Procurement Staff This helps to reduce the chances of damages or theft especially during offloading and when loading the materials. Writing Procurement Documents This enabled me to be able to write quotations, LPO, LSO, S11, S13 and requisition form. 2.2 SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKE The specific activities that I undertook included:- Procuring Of Various Types Of Material Required In The Company Operations. This included sorting of files in the registry according to activity, updating of circulation book files, filling of loose letters in respective files, locating of missing files in various officers arranging the found files back in chronologic order, sorting and arranging personnel files in relation to departments and replacing worn out old files and new ones, ensuring proper documentation and approvals, obtained for all organization  invoices. Imputing approved invoices accurately into the according to terms and cash availability, maintaining and updating annually standing list of registered renderers required by the procuring entity and liase with its authority in respect of the authority’s register of suppliers and procuring agent. Participation In Procurement Planning Committee Meetings This entailed writing of minutes for various meetings, noting any evaluation made during the meeting, invitation advisors or members of the procurement unit to explain submissions or provide technical advice where required. It also involved reading of previous meetings minutes, deliberation and ascertaining the members present and those absent with and without apologies. Not forgetting noting any evaluation made during the meeting, attending meeting of evaluation and selection of the bidder. Making Reports On Various Procurement Activities This had been daily duty that involved liaising with department heads to supply required departmental reports for filing and hence consolidation communicating across the different departments remained a major activity informing them of meetings, results their performances and trends as per the rapid results organization policy. Undertaking General Procurement Clerical Works i.e. Maintaining Of Records This entailed ensuring that all liabilities have been recorded. Maintaining an approved up-to date vendor/supplier database on the accounts payable system. Billing approved group and transient accounts with the appropriate supporting documentation. Preparing, publishing and distributing procurement and disposal opportunities including invitation to tender pre-qualification document and institutions for expression of interest coordinate the receiving and opening of tender documents. Maintaining and safe guarding procurement and disposal documents and record accordance with regulations. Managing The Inventory In The Organization – involved an assessment of the stock issue like conformance with the set timelines of completing of order targets, designing of appropriate forms for the supplies in the relation to the department as well as redirecting the departmental heads on how to fill these form. Further it included balancing of stock ledgers at the close of  the day of all categories of products using the receipts and invoices for day’s ascertainment. 2.3 AN ANALYSIS OF LEARNT KNOWLEDGE AND APPLIED SKILLS Learnt Knowledge I)During my attachment period I was able to acquire knowledge in:- I learnt how to communicate between the organization and the internal and external customer. I guided the direction of the organization by parting ways or charting the way forward. At TEAWASCO there was analysis of trends and patterns in the organization as well as the stakeholder procedure of receiving and inspecting materials delivered: I was involved in inspection of materials delivered to the company by other sources and had to make record s of the delivered materials. II)Procedure of inventory control at the store. I was trained on manners of stock taking and record keeping during my attachment duration. III)Issue of materials to departments within the company and various schemes whenever any department requires any material from stores I was to issue and deduct the amount from the bincard. IV)Proper filling of documents V)It was my daily duty to file and document to their specific files and those that needed to be updated in the system (computer) I also did as required. Applied Skills During my attachment period I was able to apply skills in:- Computer Skills And Operations: – These were applied during feeding of information to the system, sending of E-Mails, scanning of documents e.t.c Technical Skills: – the skills that I learnt at class enabled me to handle the tasks that are required at the office like accounting as I was required to write the invoices. Picking up of the office telephone, the skill I learnt in office management. Interpersonal Skills: – At TEAWASCO I was able to interact with various people like the clerks, the contractors and supplies, together with the internal and external customers. Conceptual Skills: – At TEAWASCO, I was able to interact with various people like the clerks, the contractors and suppliers, together with the internal and external customers Conceptual Skills: – At TEAWASCO I was able to plan award of the daily delivery report and also plan how the deliveries are to reach the various customers. Inventory Control: This is the activity of knowing  what materials are in the store, what to be ordered and not to be ordered. Stock Issues: – This was mainly to issue ordered materials to various departments in the organization. Counter Checking Of Materials Delivered: – this is done by comparing materials delivered as to the order document and its specification. 2.4 A PROFILE OF SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES GAINDED AND ACQUIRED During my attachment period I gained and acquired:- A profile of skills Communication Skills The procurement department was interactive with other departments like the finance department which its main work is mostly paying suppliers, receiving payments from distributors and paying the employees of the company and the human resource department which is involved with hiring new employees Interpersonal Skills There was an interaction among the employees. The supplies clerks used to receive the invoices from the finance office under the strict supervision of the commercial manager Record Keeping: This aided me to gain the knowledge in filling documents and feeding data into the store card (bin card) Stock Taking: This helped me know what to order for more materials, what brand to add and what not to be purchased A PROFILE COMPETENCY Public Relations: This helped me improve my communication skills toward internal customers, fellow workmates and even my superiors Use Of Accounting Packages: Used excel to enter data on the deliveries preparing the report and trends analysis. Handling Customers Complaints This gave me confidence to take a customers problem or complaint and handle it with the professional required for that. 2.5 OBSERVATION AND CRITIQUE 2:5:1 Observations During my attachment period, I was able to make the following observations analysis book requires a lot of accuracy as the right kind of figures has to  be jotted down as each invoice has a unique number from each other. The supplies clerk had a lot of work to be done as there was regular tendering and many others to be addressed. I observed that the company has a high profile management comprising of General Manager strong and competent, the staff too are also hard working thus meets the organizations goals. Highly Qualified And Skilled Personnel This is an added advantage for the organization to have acquired as they will work best to meet the organizations objectives. Commendable Strategy Of Purchase And Marketing With this the organization is able to source for any products it requires and negotiate for favorable supplier’s relationship. Technology The level of technology used in the organization makes everything effective and efficient, despite lack of many machines will harness the operations of the company Modern Machinery This helps the company to make maximum production, within the actual time allocated for that and use at least energy. More needs to be purchased like computer. Communication It is clear that communication is easy form one office to the other through the well networked phone communication installed and use of mobile phones Criteria Of Employment Through there are advertisement of various job in the organization, the employment schedule is never conducted well. Teamwork. This is that the staff of TEAWASCO are highly co-operated and united so that they achieve their company objectives. 2:5:2 CRITIQUE Lengthy Procurement Process The Company is challenged by bureaucratic procedures particularly in payment of suppliers. Promotions It is expected in any organization that due to the work well done by an employee, that at point in time there should be upward mobility to a higher position and injection of the right kind of people but it is not the case for the company. In adequate storage space: the company is challenged by high purchased made with no adequate storage spaces for the already purchased materials. Motivation and morale: it is expected that the  employees should be treated equally but not the case for TEAWASCO because they favors employees differently according to their departments. 2.6 STRATEGY FOR UTILIZATION OF CONTRACT ESTABLISHED During Attachment During my attachment period I established such a great number of contracts and also made friends and good relationship with the staff and management of TEAWASCO I gained a myriad of contacts with various people through interacting with clients in procurement which will held me to advance more knowledge in future projects. This will help me also to access employment opportunities in future as well as networking. TEAWASCO has presented itself as a good caring partner in provision of water and various projects to a lot of people in a wide area. Reference: This helps me to use the contact for references in future i.e. by including it in my curriculum vitae. Job Seeking. This assists me when there are job advert vacancies at the company I can easily communicate so that they may hire me as I was trained and had experiences at their organization Marketing: This is because I can give the TEAWASCO contracts to some other students who want to be trained to acquire the experience I have. Research Finding: This helps me when doing my research assignment by giving the research questionnaire to the staff at TEAWASCO so they can help me in finding of the unknown knowledge. SECTION 3 3.1 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS During my attachment period I was able to come up with the following summary. I was glad that I was attached at TEAWASCO especially at the procurement Department. I was able to influence the stakeholder’s attitude so that they can attain their membership at the organization. I was able to apply the purchasing core values like advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty and fairness. I was able to practice procurement and purchasing professionalism like trust, ethical guardian. The core values enabled me to carry out my daily activities at the TEAWASCO. I was able to analyze the current treads in the environment together with the patterns of the organization as well as the stakeholders. The experience I got has made me to be a better purchasing prationeer as well as increasing my expertise in handling the clients i.e. the suppliers. My communication skills were also  put into task as there was a lot of interaction among the various employees of the company I had a ple asant and wonderful moment at the company and it really enabled me to be a professional in my line of learning 3.2 CONCLUSION I was very grateful to have been at TEAWASCO. The experience that I gained at TEAWASCO in Nyeri will enable me to tackle the various changes that are encountered in a day office environment especially in a purchasing and supplies Department The Communication skills will enable me to be able to communicate from the top managers to the first line managers and the subordinates. The skills are very vital in an organization as communication is a key element of any organization. The interpersonal skills enabled me to interact with the various employees of the Company. I learnt the basic skill of the office of saying hello and got to interact with the other departments like the commercial, finance, human resource department and revenue department. I got the basic skill of any organization that is teamwork. Some of the conceptual skills that I learnt enabled me to utilize the organizational values, goals, mission, vision and the general objective. I had t work hard to reach the organizations objective. The experience will enable me to competitive in a challenging world. I was able to integrate what I learnt in class. RECOMMENDATION Procurement and purchasing are challenging tasks and also very demanding ones. Entry organization should be in a position to have purchasing department integrated with the other department for effective service delivery. Recommend that the company should employ personnel who are professionals to deal with purchasing work because it is demanding and requires specialized knowledge. Recommend the work done so that the internal and external customer’s complaints are taken care of and also there is mutual understanding between the organization and the various publics Also recommend the long lasting relationship between the organization and the society as that the organization should involves itself in corporate social responsibility activities like employee welfare and wellness programmers e.g. health and safety, healthy like operation smile medical camps,  education and entrepreneurship like student attachment program, environmental like tree planting, town beautification. These activities are highly appreciated by the members of the society. Recommend that the core values of procurement should be adhered to so that professionalism can be maintained. Recommend improvement of managerial practices, professionalism and working relations and partnership with current society, continually improve on work quality, observation of professional and technical standards and regular reviews. Recommend the organization for the establish of an effective and efficient financial and operational framework for improved accountability and transparency. As most people are willing to associate and work with accountable and transparent organizations. Recommend my school for the opportunity granted to have the experience in the organization like this. Students should be keen during the attachment to gain more knowledge during attachment.

The History and Archaeology of Vindija Cave

The History and Archaeology of Vindija Cave Vindija Cave is a stratified paleontological and archaeological site in Croatia, which has several occupations associated with both Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH). Vindija includes a total of 13 levels dated between 150,000 years ago and the present, spanning the upper part of the Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic periods. Although several of the levels are sterile of hominin remains or have been disturbed primarily cryoturbations ice wedging, there are some stratigraphically separated hominin levels at Vindija Cave associated with humans and Neanderthals. Although the earliest recognized hominid occupations date to ca. 45,000 bp, deposits at Vindija include strata that comprise a huge number of animal bones, including tens of thousands of specimens, 90% of which are cave bears, over a period of more than 150,000 years. This record of animals in the region has been used to establish data about the climate and habitat of northwest Croatia during that period. The site was first excavated in the first half of the 20th century, and more extensively excavated between 1974 and 1986 by Mirko Malez of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In addition to archaeological and faunal remains, numerous archaeological and faunal remains, with over 100 hominin discoveries have been found at Vindija Cave. Specimens in Level G3 (38,000-45,000 years bp), the lowest hominin-bearing level, are Neanderthals and are associated with exclusively Mousterian artifacts.Specimens in Level G1 (32,000-34,000 years bp) represent the most recent Neanderthals at the site and are associated with both Mousterian and Upper Paleolithic stone tools.Hominins in Level F (31,000-28,000 years bp) are associated with Aurignacian and according to researchers look a little like both AMH and Neanderthal.Hominins in Level D (less than 18,500 years bp, the uppermost hominid-bearing strata in the cave, are associated with Gravettian culture artifacts  and represent only anatomically modern humans. Vindija Cave and mtDNA In 2008, researchers reported that a complete mtDNA sequence had been retrieved from a thigh bone of one of the Neanderthals recovered from Vindija Cave. The bone (called Vi-80) comes from level G3, and it was direct-dated to 38,310  ± 2130 RCYBP. Their research suggests that the two hominins who occupied Vindija Cave at different timesearly modern Homo sapiens and Neanderthalswere clearly separate species. Even more interestingly, Lalueza-Fox and colleagues have discovered similar DNA sequencesfragments of sequences, that isin Neanderthals from Feldhofer Cave (Germany) and El Sidron (northern Spain), suggesting a common demographic history among groups in eastern Europe and the Iberian peninsula. In 2010, the Neanderthal Genome Project announced that it had finished a complete DNA sequence of Neanderthal genes, and discovered that between 1 and 4 percent of the genes that modern humans carry around with them come from Neanderthals, directly contradicting their own conclusions just two years ago. Read more about the latest findings about Neanderthal and Human Interbreeding The Last Glacial Maximum and Vindija Cave A recent study reported in Quaternary International (Miracle et al. listed below) describes the climate data recovered from Vindija Cave, and Veternica, Velika pecina, two other caves in Croatia. Interestingly, the fauna indicate that during the period between 60,000 and 16,000 years ago, the region had a moderate, broadly temperate climate with a range of environments. In particular, there seems to have been no significant evidence for what was thought to be a shift to cooler conditions at the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum, about 27,000 years bp. Sources Each of the links below leads to a free abstract, but payment is needed for the full article unless otherwise noted. Ahern, James C. M., et al. 2004 New discoveries and interpretations of hominid fossils and artifacts from Vindija Cave, Croatia. Journal of Human Evolution 4627-4667. Burbano HA, et al. 2010. Targeted Investigation of the Neandertal Genome by Array-Based Sequence Capture. Science 238:723-725. Free download Green RE, et al. 2010. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 328:710-722. Free download Green, Richard E., et al. 2008 A Complete Neandertal Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing. Cell 134(3):416-426. Green, Richard E., et al. 2006 Analysis of one million base pairs Neanderthal DNA. Nature 444:330-336. Higham, Tom, et al. 2006 Revised direct radiocarbon dating of the Vindija G1 Upper Paleolithic Neandertals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10(1073):553-557. Lalueza-Fox, Carles, et al. 2006 Mitochondrial DNA of an Iberian Neandertal suggests a population affinity with other European Neandertals. Current Biology 16(16):R629-R630. Miracle, Preston T., Jadranka Mauch Lenardic, and Dejana Brajkovic. in press Last glacial climates, Refugia, and faunal change in Southeastern Europe: Mammalian assemblages from Veternica, Velika pecina, and Vindija caves (Croatia). Quaternary International in press Lambert, David M. and Craig D. Millar 2006 Ancient genomics is born. Nature 444:275-276. Noonan, James P., et al. 2006 Sequencing and Analysis of Neanderthal Genomic DNA. Science 314:1113-1118. Smith, Fred. 2004. Flesh and Bone: Analyses of Neandertal Fossils Reveal Diet was High in Meat Content Free press release, Northern Illinois University. Serre, David, et al. 2004 No Evidence of Neandertal mtDNA Contribution to Early Modern Humans. PLoS Biology  2(3):313-317.

How to Use $_SERVER in PHP

How to Use $_SERVER in PHP $_SERVER is one of the PHP global variables- termed Superglobals- which contain information about server and execution environments. These are pre-defined variables so they are always accessible from any class, function or file. The entries here are recognized by web servers, but there is no guarantee that each web server recognizes every Superglobal. These three PHP $_SERVER arrays all behave in similar ways- they return information about the file in use. When exposed to different scenarios, in some cases they behave differently. These examples may help you decide which is best for what you need. A full list of $_SERVER arrays is available at the PHP website. $_SERVER[PHP_SELF] PHP_SELF is the name of the currently executing script. yoursite.com/example/ /example/index.phpyoursite.com/example/index.php   /example/index.phpyoursite.com/example/index.php?atest   /example/index.phpyoursite.com/example/index.php/dir/test   /dir/test When you use $_SERVER[’PHP_SELF’], it returns the file name /example/index.php both with and without the file name typed in the URL. When variables are appended at the end, they were truncated and again /example/index.php was returned. The only version that produced a different result has directories appended after the file name. In that case, it returned those directories. $_SERVER[REQUEST_URI] REQUEST_URI refers to the URI given to access a page. yoursite.com/example/   /yoursite.com/example/index.php   /example/index.phpyoursite.com/example/index.php?atest   /example/index.php?atestyoursite.com/example/index.php/dir/test   /example/index.php/dir/test All of these examples returned exactly what was entered for the URL. It returned a plain /, the file name, the variables, and the appended directories, all just as they were entered. $_SERVER[SCRIPT_NAME] SCRIPT_NAME is the current scripts path. This comes in handy for pages that need to point to themselves. yoursite.com/example/   /example/index.phpyoursite.com/example/index.php   /example/index.phpyoursite.com/example/index.php?atest   /example/index.phpyoursite.com/example/index.php/dir/test   /example/index.php All cases here returned only the file name /example/index.php regardless of whether it was typed, not typed, or anything was appended to it.

Development of Phoneme Perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Development of Phoneme Perception - Essay Example It is possible that there could be listeners whose discrimination patterns nearly manifest the phonetic system of their corresponding native language(s). In relation to this, Maye, Werker and Gerken (2002) demonstrated that there are possibilities by which infants may lose their ability to distinguish certain foreign language contrasts according to their sensitivity to the dispersal of sounds in the language input. When a child becomes aware that spoken words are comprised with sounds, he or she is described to have achieved "phonological awareness." The phonological awareness can exist in the form of awareness of rhyme, awareness of syllables, awareness of the onsets of words, etc. Phoneme awareness is essential to the process of learning to read; and explicitly teaching phoneme awareness facilitates reading acquisition, in the later stage of childhood. Research have shown that reading failure is linked to deficiency of phoneme awareness. It is important therefore, that early childhood teachers should be active in phoneme manipulation; demonstrate knowledge on the spoken words as it made up of phonemes which can be rearranged to make different words. Added cognitive benefits for young children that are at the same time exposed to more than one language is that they may have greater neural activity as well as denser tissue in the fragile areas of the brain which are related to many functions like memory, association, attention, and language than those who are monolingual learners. These variables are connected with long-term and positive cognitive outcomes (Bialystok 2001, Kovelman, Baker, Mechelli et al., 2004; & Petitto, 2006). Investigation on Performance on Native-languageStudies on the performance on native language is not new. Kuhl, et al. (2004) have conducted experiments on this topic. They compared and contrasted the 6-8 and 10-12 months Mandarin learning infants and American infants' listening to their respective native-language. The participants of the study were the 17 American infants whose mean age is 6-8 months (ten boys; seven girls) and 19 American infants whose mean age is 10-12 months (ten boys; nine girls). The two groups were recruited via the database of an Infant Studies Subject Pool ISSP based in University of Washington. There was same inclusion and exclusion criteria in the selection of the subjects. As part of the procedures, computer synthesized tokens in English were utilized and created using a male voice. The voice were matched in all acoustic details aside from the temporal features in the event of the initial portion of the consonants. The amplitude elevation time was 30 ms lo wer than the frication period to generate more natural-sounding conversation for English speakers. Also, the duration of the vowel reached 245 Your Name 3 minutes. The procedure and apparatus were just the same to that used to investigate perceptual development among infants' speech differentiation on native and non-native contrasts. Results/Findings The English and Mandarin-learning infants manifested

Worldcultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Worldcultures - Essay Example In fact, some of their great architectural works still stand strong in major towns and cities across the globe. However, one is left wondering whether the modern architectural works would withstand the test of time and last long as the structures build in the ancient Rome. The great work of the Romans can still be seen and emulated because of the superior architectural ideas and engineering skills they used and the kind of reputation they built put of their great work that certainly made them conquer the world, influence and rule it for this long. Jenkins reveals that the Romans did their architectural works with a lot of dedication and professionalism with the aim of producing a useful architecture3. To ensure that this is accomplished, they ensured that thorough planning was done before starting any construction works. It is for this reason that buildings, bridges, marketplaces, cities and harbors contracted by the Romans are still admirable to much architecture to date and are adopting their styles in the construction according to Jenkins4. Brown notes that the Romans employed different styles in their building, which influenced many architectural pieces5. The arch is a perfect example, which is a structure made using a mixture of the bricks, stone, and concrete. The arch was meant to give strength to or support buildings. The arches were mainly blocks, which are wedge-shaped and were to be supported using wooden materials during construction. The arches created by the ancient Romans were very strong and could withstand a lot of weight. To ensure that this is so, they used a mixture of volcanic sand and lime to create a strong and durable concrete. The strong concretes made from these mixtures were then be used to build strong and beautiful structures like the aqueducts used for supplying water to the major cities as noted by Brown6. Immediately after this remarkable accomplishment, other

Critique Paper - All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

Critique Paper - All Quiet on the Western Front - Essay Example Pauls’ suppression of emotions has made him into an emotional cripple who is unable to relate to his family and live a normal life outside the battlefield (Remarque). Being stuck in a shell hole with a man he stabbed forces Paul to consider the nature of war and how it makes strangers into enemies. The horrors of war take away his friends one by one and often in front of his own eyes. He is ruined by war and when he is given a short leave, he wonders how he will adjust to civilian life, Paul dies during an enemy attack and he doesn’t have to find out how his life would have been off the battlefield (Remarque). Paul is the novel’s main protagonist and his inner battle with his feelings and actions is what is intriguing about him. His personality and the way war forces Paul to behave are in stark contrast to each other. He was a sensitive young lad, full of idealism and life but war made him into a remorseless soldier who must remain emotionally numb in order to survive on the battlefield. Paul’s past and future are snatched away by war and he struggles to remember what his past was like and wonders what his future will be without war. But despite all this, he still has some humanity left in him and there are instances where he is overcome by grief. This struggle is representative of all those men who were enlisted to fight in the army at a very young age and Pauls’ story is similar to all those adolescents who lost their childhood, their friends, their family and even their lives on the battlefield. The trauma and hardship they suffer snatches away their innocence and Paul was long dead on the inside before the war actually killed him. Paul’s story revolves around the main theme of the novel which is about the horrors of war and its effect on the soldiers. War is often painted with glory and honor but this book sets out to debunk those notions and show war through the eyes of a soldier. It shows the butchery of

Professional Development Plan Essay Example for Free

Professional Development Plan Essay In order to develop a plan that will address the characteristics of my group and me as a leader; a thorough review of the completed DISC assessments much be completed on an individual basis and an overall plan can be derived thereafter. The individual analyses are as follows: Individual Assessments Jeremy Conner, Jessica Mills, and Brian Tuck are all predominately categorized as cautious in style. Their tendencies include: being tense with themselves and others when under pressure, having a natural curiosity about people, being concerned about what people think, feel, and expect, having strong attachments to their personal interests, underestimating the time required to complete tasks, being intuitive and observant about situations and people, associating their self-worth with their work, and being intrigued by concepts, ideas and processes. They are known as the assessors and tend to have strong opinions about people and groups with whom you do not identify or agree. Robert Mills was predominately categorized as interactive in style. This style’s strengths include: enthusiasm, charm, persuasiveness, and warmth. The cautious style is gifted in people skills and communication skills with individuals as well as groups. They are great influencer’s. They are idea-people and dreamers who excel at getting others excited about their vision. They are optimist with an abundance of charisma. All of these qualities help them influence people and build alliances to accomplish their goals. I was predominately categorized as a dominance style. My primary motivation is accomplishing bigger and better goals according to an internal timetable. I prefer to be involved in my chosen activities from start to finish, and I  resist people who are obstacles to my achievements. My tendencies include: disliking being told what to do, or when and how to do something, being reluctant to change what I think or how I feel, delegating tasks only if absolutely necessary, acting competitively, especially when pushing myself to new levels or in new directions, making sure that production is completed on schedule, depending on plans for action and follow-up routines, and becoming tenacious and focused when under pressure. Team Development Plan Based on the analysis of the DISC assessments, I would put myself in a leadership role on the team with Robert as my supervisor, and Jeremy, Jessica, and Brian as subordinates. My style is more fit to a leadership role due to my desire to accomplish bigger and better goals. This desire allows me to look bigger picture which must be done from an upper management perspective in order to keep the company ahead of the curve in all aspects of business to avoid pitfalls. Robert’s natural charisma and persuasiveness would make him great at motivating the rest of the team. This does not mean that Jeremy, Jessica, and Bryan aren’t just as important to the team success. All workers from top to bottom are needed for a business to be successful. I strongly believe in the phrase â€Å"you are only as good as your weakest member†. For this reason, I would make sure that they were given a chance to air their grievances and make suggestions on changes that should be made. I must make sure to allow every team member to have a say in the business processes because this is a weak point of my particular style. Flexibility on my part must be a focal point to ensure that all team members feel heard and feel like they hold value in the company. Conclusion All of the information in the above plan will be closely monitored and periodic meetings will take place to allow time for all employees to voice their grievances or concerns to ensure that full compliance is being achieved. It is very important that regular monitoring is performed to ensure that the company stays on track and will help ensure the long-term success of the company. Realizing each individual’s style as well as their strengths and weaknesses will allow a more personal and individualized  approach to be taken in regards to team dynamics and goal attainment. References University of Phoenix. (2014). DISC Assessments [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, LDR531 website. DISC Test and DISC Assessment: Explained. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.discinsights.com/whatisdisc#.VBMXGGOEzSg

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :: Biographies Bio Biography

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was more than just an author. He was a knight, a soldier, a spiritualist, a whaler, a doctor, a journalist, and most of all, he was an adventurer. He was not the quiet type of person, and he thoroughly enjoyed expressing himself. Arthur Conan Doyle was born on the 22nd of May 1859 in Picardy Place, Edinburgh. The second child of Charles Altamont and Mary Foley, he was thought to have been named after the legendary medieval king, Arthur of the Round Table. Doyle was also named after his granduncle, Michael Edward Conan. He was of Irish descent, and was of the Roman Catholic religion. Doyle had a grandfather, John Doyle. He was political cartoonist who financially supported the family. Doyle had a pretty rough home life because his father was an alcoholic. As he grew up, Doyle had to take more of the responsibilities around the house into his own hands, because his father was either too sick or drunk to fulfill his daily work at home. Doyle's mother, Mary Foley, was a homemaker who took care of her son Arthur and his brothers and sisters, and also worked and cleaned the house everyday. Doyle's early education started when he was about seven years old. His mother spent lots of time reading with him and tutoring him, because this is what she thought he needed to become a cultured gentleman. When Doyle was ten years old he left home and went to the Jesuit Preparatory school named Hodder House. This was a boarding school for young boys. Arthur hated this school. Doyle once stated that Hodder House "was a little more pleasant than being confined in a prison." While attending Hodder House, he studied chemistry, poetry, geometry, arithmetic, and grammar. After his experiences at Jesuit Preparatory school, he left and applied for Stonyhurst Academy. Doyle was accepted for enrollment into Stonyhurst and remained there for about five more years. While at Stonyhurst, Doyle, who excelled in cricket, demonstrated some very early signs of literary talent. At the academy, he became quite good at telling stories and reading aloud. His favorite childhood writer was Mayne Reid, who wrote The Scalp Hunters. This was his favorite book while he was progressing through life. During his last year before attending medical school, Doyle went to Feldkirch, a school in Austria. While attending Feldkirch, he began to question his faith in the Roman Catholic religion.

Pygmalion Essay

Het verhaal draait om professor Henry Higgins, een deskundige op het gebied van fonetiek en het eenvoudige Cockney sprekende bloemenverkoopstertje Eliza Doolittle. Higgins gaat een weddenschap aan met zijn vriend kolonel Pickering dat hij erin zal slagen om Eliza in korte tijd niet alleen perfect Engels te leren maar haar ook de gangbare etiquette in de hogere kringen eigen te maken. Hij slaagt uiteindelijk in zijn opzet, maar tijdens het proces is Eliza zodanig geemancipeerd geraakt, dat zij aangeeft niet langer afhankelijk te zijn van Higgins en haar eigen weg te kunnen gaan. Pygmalion is a 1912 play by George Bernard Shaw, named after a Greek mythological character. Professor of phonetics Henry Higgins makes a bet that he can train a bedraggled Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, to pass for a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party by teaching her to assume a veneer of gentility, the most important element of which, he believes, is impeccable speech. The play is a sharp lampoon of the rigid British class system of the day and a commentary on women’s independence. In ancient Greek mythology, Pygmalion fell in love with one of his sculptures that came to life and was a popular subject for Victorian era English playwrights, including one of Shaw’s influences, W. S. Gilbert, who wrote a successful play based on the story in 1871, called Pygmalion and Galatea. Shaw also would have been familiar with the burlesque version, Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed. Shaw’s play has been adapted numerous times, most notably as the musical My Fair Lady and the film of that name. Plot Shaw was conscious of the difficulties involved in staging a complete representation of the play. Acknowledging in a â€Å"Note for technicians† that such a thing would only be possible â€Å"on the cinema screen or on stages furnished with exceptionally elaborate machinery†, he marked some scenes as candidates for omission if necessary. Of these, a short scene at the end of Act One in which Eliza goes home, and a scene in Act Two in which Eliza is unwilling to undress for her bath, are not described here. The others are the scene at the Embassy Ball in Act Three and the scene with Eliza and Freddy in Act Four. Neither the Gutenberg edition referenced throughout this page nor the Wikisource text linked below contain these sequences. Act One[edit] ‘Portico of Saint Paul’s Church (not Wren’s Cathedral but Inigo Jones Church in Covent Garden vegetable market)’ – 11. 15p. m. A group of people are sheltering from the rain. Among them are the Eynsford-Hills, superficial social climbers eking out a living in â€Å"genteel poverty†, consisting initially of Mrs. Sanford-Hill and her daughter Clara. Clara’s brother Freddy enters having earlier been dispatched to secure them a cab (which they can ill-afford), but being rather timid and faint-hearted he has failed to do so. As he goes off once again to find a cab, he bumps into a flower girl, Eliza. Her flowers drop into the mud of Covent Garden, the flowers she needs to survive in her poverty-stricken world. Shortly they are joined by a gentleman, Colonel Pickering. While Eliza tries to sell flowers to the Colonel, a bystander informs her that a man is writing down everything she says. The man is Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics. Eliza worries that Higgins is a police officer and will not calm down until Higgins introduces himself. It soon becomes apparent that he and Colonel Pickering have a shared interest in phonetics; indeed, Pickering has come from India to meet Higgins, and Higgins was planning to go to India to meet Pickering. Higgins tells Pickering that he could pass off the flower girl as a duchess merely by teaching her to speak properly. These words of bravado spark an interest in Eliza, who would love to make changes in her life and become more mannerly, even though, to her, it only means working in a flower shop. At the end of the act, Freddy returns after finding a taxi, only to find that his mother and sister have gone and left him with the cab. The streetwise Eliza takes the cab from him, using the money that Higgins tossed to her, leaving him on his own. Act Two[edit] Higgins’ – Next Day. As Higgins demonstrates his phonetics to Pickering, the housekeeper, Mrs. Pearce, tells him that a young girl wants to see him. Eliza has shown up, because she wishes to talk like a lady in a flower shop. She then tells Higgins that she will pay for lessons. He shows no interest in her, but she reminds him of his boast the previous day. Higgins claimed that he could pass her for a duchess. Pickering makes a bet with him on his claim, and says that he will pay for her lessons if Higgins succeeds. She is sent off to have a bath. Mrs. Pearce tells Higgins that he must behave himself in the young girl’s presence. He must stop swearing, and improve his table manners. He is at a loss to understand why she should find fault with him. Then Alfred Doolittle, Eliza’s father, appears with the sole purpose of getting money out of Higgins. He has no interest in his daughter in a paternal way. He sees himself as a member of the undeserving poor, and means to go on being undeserving. He has an eccentric view of life, brought about by a lack of education and an intelligent brain. He is also aggressive, and when Eliza, on her return, sticks her tongue out at him, he goes to hit her, but is prevented by Pickering. The scene ends with Higgins telling Pickering that they really have got a difficult job on their hands. Act Three[edit] Mrs. Higgins’ drawing room. Higgins bursts in and tells his mother he has picked up a â€Å"common flower girl† whom he has been teaching. Mrs. Higgins is not very impressed with her son’s attempts to win her approval because it is her ‘at home’ day and she is entertaining visitors. The visitors are the Eynsford-Hills. Higgins is rude to them on their arrival. Eliza enters and soon falls into talking about the weather and her family. Whilst she is now able to speak in beautifully modulated tones, the substance of what she says remains unchanged from the gutter. She confides her suspicions that her aunt was killed by relatives, and mentions that gin had been â€Å"mother’s milk† to this aunt, and that Eliza’s own father was always more cheerful after a good amount of gin. Higgins passes off her remarks as â€Å"the new small talk†, and Freddy is enraptured. When she is leaving, he asks her if she is going to walk across the park, to which she replies, â€Å"Walk? Not bloody likely! (This is the most famous line from the play, and, for many years after the play’s debut, use of the word ‘bloody’ was known as a pygmalion; Mrs. Campbell was considered to have risked her career by speaking the line on stage. [7]) After she and the Eynsford-Hills leave, Henry asks for his mother’s opinion. S he says the girl is not presentable and is very concerned about what will happen to her, but neither Higgins nor Pickering understand her thoughts of Eliza’s future, and leave feeling confident and excited about how Eliza will get on. This leaves Mrs. Higgins feeling exasperated, and exclaiming, â€Å"Men! Men!! Men!!! † Act Four[edit] Higgins’ home – The time is midnight, and Higgins, Pickering, and Eliza have returned from the ball. A tired Eliza sits unnoticed, brooding and silent, while Pickering congratulates Higgins on winning the bet. Higgins scoffs and declares the evening a â€Å"silly tomfoolery†, thanking God it’s over and saying that he had been sick of the whole thing for the last two months. Still barely acknowledging Eliza beyond asking her to leave a note for Mrs. Pearce regarding coffee, the two retire to bed. Higgins returns to the room, looking for his slippers, and Eliza throws them at him. Higgins is taken aback, and is at first completely unable to understand Eliza’s preoccupation, which aside from being ignored after her triumph is the question of what she is to do now. When Higgins does understand he makes light of it, saying she could get married, but Eliza interprets this as selling herself like a prostitute. â€Å"We were above that at the corner of Tottenham Court Road. † Finally she returns her jewellery to Higgins, including the ring he had given her, which he throws into the fireplace with a violence that scares Eliza. Furious with himself for losing his temper, he damns Mrs. Pearce, the coffee and then Eliza, and finally himself, for â€Å"lavishing† his knowledge and his â€Å"regard and intimacy† on a â€Å"heartless guttersnipe†, and retires in great dudgeon. Eliza roots around in the fireplace and retrieves the ring. Act Five[edit] Mrs. Higgins’ drawing room, the next morning. Higgins and Pickering, perturbed by the discovery that Eliza has walked out on them, call on Mrs. Higgins to phone the police. Higgins is particularly distracted, since Eliza had assumed the responsibility of maintaining his diary and keeping track of his possessions, which causes Mrs. Higgins to decry their calling the police as though Eliza were â€Å"a lost umbrella†. Doolittle is announced; he emerges dressed in splendid wedding attire and is furious with Higgins, who after their previous encounter had been so taken with Doolittle’s unorthodox ethics that he had recommended him as the â€Å"most original moralist in England† to a rich American founding Moral Reform Societies; the American had subsequently left Doolittle a pension worth three thousand pounds a year, as a consequence of which Doolittle feels intimidated into joining the middle class and marrying his missus. Mrs. Higgins observes that this at least settles the problem of who shall provide for Eliza, to which Higgins objects — after all, he paid Doolittle five pounds for her. Mrs. Higgins informs her son that Eliza is upstairs, and explains the circumstances of her arrival, alluding to how marginalised and overlooked Eliza felt the previous night. Higgins is unable to appreciate this, and sulks when told that he must behave if Eliza is to join them. Doolittle is asked to wait outside. Eliza enters, at ease and self-possessed. Higgins blusters but Eliza isn’t shaken and speaks exclusively to Pickering. Throwing Higgins’ previous insults back at him (â€Å"Oh, I’m only a squashed cabbage leaf†), Eliza remarks that it was only by Pickering’s example that she learned to be a lady, which renders Higgins speechless. Eliza goes on to say that she has completely left behind the flower girl she was, and that she couldn’t utter any of her old sounds if she tried — at which point Doolittle emerges from the balcony, causing Eliza to relapse totally into her gutter speech. Higgins is jubilant, jumping up and crowing over her. Doolittle explains his predicament and asks if Eliza will come to his wedding. Pickering and Mrs. Higgins also agree to go, and leave with Doolittle with Eliza to follow. The scene ends with another confrontation between Higgins and Eliza. Higgins asks if Eliza is satisfied with the revenge she has wrought thus far and if she will now come back, but she refuses. Higgins defends himself from Eliza’s earlier accusation by arguing that he treats everyone the same, so she shouldn’t feel singled out. Eliza replies that she just wants a little kindness, and that since he will never stoop to show her this, she will not come back, but will marry Freddy. Higgins scolds her for such low ambitions: he has made her â€Å"a consort for a king. † When she threatens to teach phonetics and offer herself as an assistant to Nepommuck, Higgins again loses his temper and promises to wring her neck if she does so. Eliza realises that this last threat strikes Higgins at the very core and that it gives her power over him; Higgins, for his part, is delighted to see a spark of fight in Eliza rather than her erstwhile fretting and worrying. He remarks â€Å"I like you like this†, and calls her a â€Å"pillar of strength†. Mrs. Higgins returns and she and Eliza depart for the wedding. As they leave Higgins incorrigibly gives Eliza a number of errands to run, as though their recent conversation had not taken place. Eliza disdainfully explains why they are unnecessary, and wonders what Higgins is going to do without her. Higgins laughs to himself at the idea of Eliza marrying Freddy as the play ends. Ending[edit] Pygmalion was the most broadly appealing of all Shaw’s plays. But popular audiences, looking for pleasant entertainment with big stars in a West End venue, wanted a â€Å"happy ending† for the characters they liked so well, as did some critics. [8] During the 1914 run, to Shaw’s exasperation but not to his surprise, Tree sought to sweeten Shaw’s ending to please himself and his record houses. [9] Shaw returned for the 100th performance and watched Higgins, standing at the window, toss a bouquet down to Eliza. â€Å"My ending makes money, you ought to be grateful,† protested Tree. â€Å"Your ending is damnable; you ought to be shot. [10][11] Shaw remained sufficiently irritated to add a postscript essay, â€Å"‘What Happened Afterwards,†[12] to the 1916 print edition for inclusion with subsequent editions, in which he explained precisely why it was impossible for the story to end with Higgins and Eliza getting married. He continued to protect the play’s and Eliza’s integrity by protecting the last scene. For at least some performances during the 1920 revival, Shaw adjusted the ending in a way that underscored the Shavian message. In an undated note to Mrs.  Campbell he wrote, When Eliza emancipates herself — when Galatea comes to life — she must not relapse. She must retain her pride and triumph to the end. When Higgins takes your arm on ‘consort battleship’ you must instantly throw him off with implacable pride; and this is the note until the final ‘Buy them yourself. ‘ He will go out on the balcony to watch your departure; come back triumphantly into the room; exclaim ‘Galatea! ‘ (meaning that the statue has come to life at last); and — curtain. Thus he gets the last word; and you get it too. 13] (This ending is not included in any print version of the play. ) Shaw fought uphill against such a reversal of fortune for Eliza all the way to 1938. He sent the film’s harried producer, Gabriel Pascal, a concluding sequence which he felt offered a fair compromise: a romantically-set farewell scene between Higgins and Eliza, then Freddy and Eliza happy in their greengrocery/flower shop. Only at the sneak preview did he learn that Pascal had shot the â€Å"I washed my face and hands† conclusion, to reassure audiences that Shaw’s Galatea wouldn’t really come to life, after all.